Digital skills
Relative and Absolute References
Updated Oct 28, 2026
When a formula is copied, a relative reference changes according to its new location. An absolute reference with dollar signs fixes the column and row. Mixed references can fix only one part. Check th
What you’ll learn
Learn to apply relative and absolute references in a practical situation.
Explanation
When a formula is copied, a relative reference changes according to its new location. An absolute reference with dollar signs fixes the column and row. Mixed references can fix only one part. Check the copied formulas before using the results.
ពេលចម្លង formula អាសយដ្ឋាន relative ប្រែតាមទីតាំងថ្មី។ សញ្ញា $ អាចរក្សាជួរឈរ ឬជួរដេកឱ្យថេរ។ ពិនិត្យ formula បន្ទាប់ពីចម្លង។
Worked example
Put a rate in B1 and enter =C2*$B$1 in D2. Copying it to D3 changes C2 to C3 while $B$1 stays fixed.
Practice
- What changes when =C2*$B$1 is copied down one row?
- Apply the idea to an example of your own and explain your choice.
Answers and guidance
Show answers / បង្ហាញចម្លើយ
- C2 becomes C3; $B$1 stays fixed.
- Answers vary. Compare your example with the explanation and check each step.
Quick recap
When a formula is copied, a relative reference changes according to its new location.