Advanced Integrated Review

What you’ll learn

Edit a connected passage and explain grammatical decisions.

កែអត្ថបទដោយបញ្ចូលទម្រង់ advanced និងពន្យល់ហេតុផល។

Meaning and use

This final review combines time relations, reduced clauses, reporting, emphasis, and cautious claims. Revise for meaning before polishing style. Check that each modifier has the intended subject, each reported claim has an appropriate time relation, and every conclusion matches its evidence. Multiple polished answers may be possible.

មេរៀនចុងក្រោយបញ្ចូលកាល ឃ្លាខ្លី ការរាយការណ៍ ការសង្កត់ និងការអះអាងមានកម្រិត។ កែឱ្យន័យត្រឹមត្រូវមុនរចនាប័ទ្ម ហើយពន្យល់មូលហេតុគ្រប់ជម្រើស។

Grammar patterns

Pattern	Example or form
Aligned modifier and subject	Having reviewed the evidence, we revised the claim.
Cautious report and time	The method is believed to have reduced delays, but further study is needed.

Examples

1. Having reviewed the data, we revised our conclusion.

   បន្ទាប់ពីពិនិត្យទិន្នន័យ យើងបានកែសេចក្ដីសន្និដ្ឋាន។

2. The tool is reported to have reduced waiting times.

   មានសេចក្ដីរាយការណ៍ថាឧបករណ៍បានកាត់បន្ថយពេលរង់ចាំ។

3. Not until we checked the records did we notice the error.

   ទាល់តែយើងពិនិត្យកំណត់ត្រា ទើបយើងឃើញកំហុស។

4. Had we tested it earlier, we might have avoided the delay.

   បើយើងបានសាកល្បងមុន យើងប្រហែលជាអាចជៀសវាងការយឺត។

Everyday conversation

Dara: How should I review the Advanced course?

Maly: Rewrite a short passage, explain each change, and compare your reasons with the relevant lessons.

Common mistakes

Instead of	Use	Why
Having checked the figures, the error was found by Maly.	Having checked the figures, Maly found the error.	Make the checker the main subject.
Never we had seen such a result.	Never had we seen such a result.	Fronted never triggers auxiliary inversion.

Practice

Try these questions before opening the answers. Write or say each answer.

សាកល្បងឆ្លើយសំណួរទាំងនេះជាមុនសិន មុននឹងបើកមើលចម្លើយ។ អ្នកអាចសរសេរ ឬនិយាយចម្លើយរបស់អ្នក។

1. Edit: Having read the report, two problems were identified by us.
2. Rewrite with a reporting passive: People believe that the method reduced delays last year.
3. Correct and explain: Only after we checked the data we realised the sample was small.

Answers and explanations

Show answers / បង្ហាញចម្លើយ

1. Having read the report, we identified two problems.

   We now clearly performs the reading and identifying.

2. The method is believed to have reduced delays last year.

   The perfect infinitive locates the reduction before the present belief.

3. Only after we checked the data did we realise the sample was small.

   Fronted only after triggers inversion in the main clause, with do-support and base realise.

Quick recap

• Aligned modifier and subject: Having reviewed the evidence, we revised the claim.
• Cautious report and time: The method is believed to have reduced delays, but further study is needed.