Perfect and Continuous Reporting Infinitives

What you’ll learn

Show time relations inside reporting passives.

បង្ហាញទំនាក់ទំនងពេលក្នុង reporting infinitive។

Meaning and use

In a reporting passive, to be doing describes an activity in progress relative to the report. To have done locates an event earlier than the reporting viewpoint. To have been done combines earlier time and passive meaning. The tense of the reporting verb and the infinitive work together.

ក្នុង reporting passive, to be doing បង្ហាញសកម្មភាពកំពុងបន្ត។ To have done បង្ហាញសកម្មភាពកើតមុនការរាយការណ៍។ To have been done បន្ថែមន័យ passive។

Grammar patterns

Pattern	Example or form
Earlier event	is said to have left
Ongoing / earlier passive	is thought to be working / is believed to have been built

Examples

1. She is said to have left yesterday.

   គេនិយាយថានាងបានចេញម្សិលមិញ។

2. They are believed to be working abroad.

   គេជឿថាពួកគេកំពុងធ្វើការនៅបរទេស។

3. The temple is thought to have been rebuilt twice.

   គេគិតថាប្រាសាទនេះត្រូវបានសាងឡើងវិញពីរដង។

4. He was reported to have arrived before noon.

   មានសេចក្ដីរាយការណ៍ថាគាត់បានមកដល់មុនថ្ងៃត្រង់។

Everyday conversation

Dara: Did the report describe a current activity or a past event?

Maly: A past event: she was reported to have returned the previous evening.

Common mistakes

Instead of	Use	Why
She is believed to has left.	She is believed to have left.	The infinitive uses base have.
The house is thought to have build in 1900.	The house is thought to have been built in 1900.	The house receives the action, requiring a passive perfect infinitive.

Practice

Try these questions before opening the answers. Write or say each answer.

សាកល្បងឆ្លើយសំណួរទាំងនេះជាមុនសិន មុននឹងបើកមើលចម្លើយ។ អ្នកអាចសរសេរ ឬនិយាយចម្លើយរបស់អ្នក។

1. Rewrite: People believe she left earlier. Begin She.
2. Rewrite: People think they are studying abroad. Begin They.
3. Complete: The statue is believed to have been ___ (move).

Answers and explanations

Show answers / បង្ហាញចម្លើយ

1. She is believed to have left earlier.

   The perfect infinitive places leaving before the current belief.

2. They are thought to be studying abroad.

   The continuous infinitive preserves the ongoing meaning.

3. moved

   The passive perfect ends in a past participle.

Quick recap

• Earlier event: is said to have left
• Ongoing / earlier passive: is thought to be working / is believed to have been built